Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (Madrid Protocol)
Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty
1991
The Environmental Protection Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1991 and entered into force in 1998, sets out strong rules to safeguard Antarctica’s fragile environment. It requires countries to assess the impact of any planned activity, protect native plants and animals, manage waste responsibly, and prevent ocean pollution. It also creates special protected areas and holds polluters accountable for any environmental harm. These measures help ensure Antarctica remains clean, wild, and peaceful for future generations.