“Cephalopod Behavior: From Neural Plasticity to Consciousness”

Following the criteria and framework outlined for the identification of hallmarks of consciousness in non-mammalian species, Ponte et al. propose that cephalopods–particularly the octopus–provide a unique test case among invertebrates for examining the properties and conditions that, at the very least, afford a basal faculty of consciousness. These include, among others: (1) discriminatory and anticipatory behaviors indicating a strong link between perception and memory recall; (2) the presence of neural substrates representing functional analogs of thalamus and cortex; (3) the neurophysiological dynamics resembling the functional signatures of conscious states in mammals. Ponte et al. highlight the current lack of evidence as well as potentially informative areas that warrant further investigation to support the view expressed here. Finally, they identify future research directions for the study of consciousness in these tantalizing animals.